Valgrind 是一款 Linux下(支持 x86、x86_64和ppc32)程序的内存调试工具,它可以对编译后的二进制程序进行内存使用监测(C语言中的malloc和free,以及C++中的new和delete),找出内存泄漏问题。

  Valgrind 中包含的 Memcheck 工具可以检查以下的程序错误:

  使用未初始化的内存 (Use of uninitialised memory)
  使用已经释放了的内存 (Reading/writing memory after it has been free’d)
  使用超过malloc分配的内存空间(Reading/writing off the end of malloc’d blocks)
  对堆栈的非法访问 (Reading/writing inappropriate areas on the stack)
  申请的空间是否有释放 (Memory leaks – where pointers to malloc’d blocks are lost forever)
  malloc/free/new/delete申请和释放内存的匹配(Mismatched use of malloc/new/new [] vs free/delete/delete [])
  src和dst的重叠(Overlapping src and dst pointers in memcpy() and related functions)
  重复free

  1、编译安装 Valgrind:
wget http://valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.4.1.tar.bz2
tar xvf valgrind-3.4.1.tar.bz2
cd valgrind-3.4.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/valgrind
make
make install


  2、使用示例:对“ls”程序进程检查,返回结果中的“definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.”表示没有内存泄漏。
[root@xoyo42 /]# /usr/local/webserver/valgrind/bin/valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ls /
==1157== Memcheck, a memory error detector.
==1157== Copyright (C) 2002-2008, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==1157== Using LibVEX rev 1884, a library for dynamic binary translation.
==1157== Copyright (C) 2004-2008, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP.
==1157== Using valgrind-3.4.1, a dynamic binary instrumentation framework.
==1157== Copyright (C) 2000-2008, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==1157== For more details, rerun with: -v
==1157==
bin   data0  dev  home  lib64       media  mnt  opt   root  selinux  sys       tcsql.db.idx.pkey.dec  ttserver.pid  var
boot  data1  etc  lib   lost+found  misc   net  proc  sbin  srv      tcsql.db  tmp                    usr
==1157==
==1157== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 5 from 1)
==1157== malloc/free: in use at exit: 28,471 bytes in 36 blocks.
==1157== malloc/free: 166 allocs, 130 frees, 51,377 bytes allocated.
==1157== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==1157== searching for pointers to 36 not-freed blocks.
==1157== checked 174,640 bytes.
==1157==
==1157== LEAK SUMMARY:
==1157==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==1157==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==1157==    still reachable: 28,471 bytes in 36 blocks.
==1157==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==1157== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown.
==1157== To see them, rerun with: --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes


  3、使用示例:对一个使用libevent库编写的“httptest”程序进程检查,返回结果中的“definitely lost: 255 bytes in 5 blocks.”表示发生内存泄漏。
[root@xoyo42 tcsql-0.1]# /usr/local/webserver/valgrind/bin/valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./httptest
==1274== Memcheck, a memory error detector.
==1274== Copyright (C) 2002-2008, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==1274== Using LibVEX rev 1884, a library for dynamic binary translation.
==1274== Copyright (C) 2004-2008, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP.
==1274== Using valgrind-3.4.1, a dynamic binary instrumentation framework.
==1274== Copyright (C) 2000-2008, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==1274== For more details, rerun with: -v
==1274==
==1274== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 1005 from 2)
==1274== malloc/free: in use at exit: 402,291 bytes in 74 blocks.
==1274== malloc/free: 15,939 allocs, 15,865 frees, 6,281,523 bytes allocated.
==1274== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==1274== searching for pointers to 74 not-freed blocks.
==1274== checked 682,468,160 bytes.
==1274==
==1274== 255 bytes in 5 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 17 of 32
==1274==    at 0x4A05FBB: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:207)
==1274==    by 0x3C1D809BC6: evhttp_decode_uri (http.c:2105)
==1274==    by 0x401C75: tcsql_handler (in /data0/tcsql/cankao/tcsql-0.1/tcsql)
==1274==    by 0x3C1D80C88F: evhttp_get_body (http.c:1582)
==1274==    by 0x3C1D8065F7: event_base_loop (event.c:392)
==1274==    by 0x403E2F: main (in /data0/tcsql/cankao/tcsql-0.1/tcsql)
==1274==
==1274== LEAK SUMMARY:
==1274==    definitely lost: 255 bytes in 5 blocks.
==1274==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==1274==    still reachable: 402,036 bytes in 69 blocks.
==1274==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==1274== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown.
==1274== To see them, rerun with: --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes


  检查httptest程序,发现有一处“char *decode_uri = evhttp_decode_uri(evhttp_request_uri(req));”中的“decode_uri”没有被free,再程序处理完成后加上“free(decode_uri);”后,再使用Valgrind检查,结果已经是“definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.”。






技术大类 » 其他Unix技术 | 评论(61) | 引用(8) | 阅读(74332)
美国VPS推荐 Homepage
2009-8-1 12:57
路过学习。。。


美国VPS推荐
ritto
2009-8-1 13:55
学习。。。。
偶行偶酷
2009-8-2 09:39
如果要查 一些java 程序

或者jsp  , php  等web 程序 如何查?

是 valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full /usr/bin/local/bin/php /web/www/index.php

这样吗?
张宴 回复于 2009-8-3 21:35
PHP一般情况下不free数组、变量不会有内存泄漏问题,PHP引擎会在程序执行结束时自动释放内存。但是,如果PHP对象存在递归引用等,会出现内存泄漏问题。
ZNZ Homepage
2009-8-3 12:35
很好 学习了
卢松松 Email Homepage
2009-8-3 13:14
不错 我也受教了
vps观察者 Homepage
2009-8-4 17:34
目前正在学习linux,受教了。zan
tsseo Email Homepage
2009-8-4 17:59
很实用的工具!呵呵,学习了!-SEOER
eyre
2009-8-7 10:56
请问用的Linux内核版本号是多少?我也正研究这个工具,在2.6.18的系统下make部分老报什么"符号链接……不允许的操作",我不知道是不是还有什么没安装的
张宴 回复于 2010-4-1 17:28
2.6.18
tawl
2010-4-1 16:33
这个对于只能处理一些内存错误吧?
侬本多情 Email Homepage
2010-7-3 10:16
内存问题总是很头疼..
小yú Email
2010-7-20 00:07
动态跟踪有个不太方便的地儿:比如要跟踪一个服务,就有些不爽了,所以还需要静态检测先,呵呵至少俺个人认为如此呵呵
千书汇 Homepage
2010-10-18 15:45
不错学习了
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2012-5-10 18:01
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